Ls module

By definition, security refers to ease and trust. C] People you can rely on & know what is expected in the future (or vice versa) 0 Have a better feeling of comfort and safety (or vice versa) e. G. More engagement In social / group activities 0 More trustworthy Friends; Family Relationship Secondly, another esteem builder Is Selfless. By definition, selfless means self-concept. D Acquire self-knowledge & a feeling of Individuality with accurate and realistic self-description C] e. G. Assistance to build up a better self- Image, Like exercise to build up a sharper boy shape; Explore uniqueness & talentsThirdly, another esteem builder is Affiliation. Affiliation refers to belonging & connectedness. D Feeling approved of, appreciated, and respected by others C] Sense of belongingness and acceptance, particularly in relationships that are considered important L e. G. Communication skills for making friendships 0 Sense of acceptance; Assistance to integrate into community Fourthly, anothe r esteem builder is Competence. Competence refers to Feeling of Success. C] Being aware of one's own strengths, being able to accept personal weakness 0 Have a sense of success and accomplishment D e. G.Assistance to find a suitable Job; Give positive comments & achievements; engagement In social & charitable activities Fifthly, last esteem builder is Mission. Mission refers to Purpose and Responsibility. D Set realistic and achievable goals and willing to take responsibility 0 Feeling of purpose and motivation in life 0 e. G. Assistance to set up achievable short term and long term goals 2. Measles Hierarchy of Needs proposed by Ram Moscow (Related to Module 5 Public Health) Hierarchy means arrangement of Items, so dissatisfaction of lower level hinders satisfaction of higher levels.So dissatisfaction of lower level needs hinders recognition & satisfaction of higher level needs. The farther up the hierarchy one goes, the more individuality, humanness and psychological health one ac hieve. Level E. G. Food, drink, oxygen, sex, sleep, exercise, homeostasis(stable internal environment), excretion Level two is the safety and security needs. It refers to needs for long-term survival and stability. E. G. Property, health, family, resources, employment, law and order, predictability, body, structure, stability, freedom from threatening forces such as illness, fear and chaosLevel three is the belongingness and love needs. It refers to affiliation and acceptance. E. G. Friendship, family, sexual intimacy, affectionate relations with others. Level Four is the Self-esteem needs. It refers to achievement and recognition. E. G. Desire for competence, confidence, achievement, independence, freedom, and respect from others, like desire for prestige, recognition, reputation, status, appreciation and acceptance. Level Five is the self-actualization. It refers to full development of one's potentials.E. G. Morality, creativity, spontaneity, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts , problems- loving Elaboration: (More like the effects or impact of something) Issue 0 Physiological needs, the lowest level not satisfied 0 Principle of Hierarchy: Dissatisfaction of low level hinder satisfaction of higher level 0 Cannot reach higher level of needs, namely the 4 higher levels 0 Mention the highest level 0 Less individuality, humanness and psychological health [Commonly seen in Less Developed Countries, like Africa.

Chapter 1 †Research in Business, Chapter 2 †Ethics in Business Research

CHAPTER 1 – RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Why Study Business Research? Business research provides information to guide business decisions. Business research plays an important role in an environment that emphasizes measurement. Return on investment (ROI) is the calculation of the financial return for all business expenditures and it is emphasized more now than ever before. Business research expenditures are increasingly scrutinized for their contribution to ROMI. Research Should Reduce Risk The primary purpose of research is to reduce the level of risk of a marketing decision.Business Research Defined A process of determining, acquiring, analyzing, synthesizing, and disseminating relevant business data, information, and insights to decision makers in ways that mobilize the organization to take appropriate business actions that, in turn, maximize business performance. What’s Changing in Business that Influences Research Several factors increase the relevance for studying business research. †¢Information overload. While the Internet and its search engines present extensive amounts of information, its quality and credibility must be continuously evaluated.The ubiquitous access to information has brought about the development of knowledge communities and the need for organizations to leverage this knowledge universe for innovation—or risk merely drowning in data. Stakeholders now have more information at their disposal and are more resistant to business stimuli. †¢Technological connectivity. Individuals, public sector organizations, and businesses are adapting to changes in work patterns (real-time and global), changes in the formation of relationships and communities, and the realization that geography is no longer a primary constraint. Shifting global centers of economic activity and competition.The rising economic power of Asia and demographic shifts within regions highlight the need for organizations to expand their knowledge of consumers, suppliers, talent pools, business models, and infrastructures with which they are less familiar. †¢Increasingly critical scrutiny of big business. The availability of information has made it possible for all a firm’s stakeholders to demand inclusion in company decision making, while at the same time elevating the level of societal suspicion. More government intervention. As public-sector activities increase in order to provide some minimal or enhanced level of social services, governments are becoming increasingly aggressive in protecting their various constituencies by posing restrictions on the use of managerial and business research tools. †¢Battle for analytical talent. Managers face progressively complex decisions, applying mathematical models to extract meaningful knowledge from volumes of data and using highly sophisticated software to run their organizations.The shift to knowledge-intensive industries puts greater demand on a scarcity of well-trained talent with advanced analytical skills. †¢Computing Power and Speed. Lower cost data collection, better visualization tools, more computational power, more and faster integration of data, and real-time access to knowledge are now manager expectations†¦not wistful visions of a distant future. †¢New Perspectives on Established Research Methodologies. Older tools and methodologies, once limited to exploratory research, are gaining wider acceptance in dealing with a wider range of managerial problems.Business Planning Drives Business Research An organization’s mission drives its business goals, strategies, and tactics and, consequently, its need for business decision support systems and business intelligence. Hierarchy of Business Decision Makers Visionaries, Standardized Decision Makers, Intuitive Decision Makers †¢In the bottom tier, most decisions are based on past experience or instinct. Decisions are also supported with secondary data searches. †¢In the mi ddle tier, some decisions are based on business research. †¢In the top tier, every decision is guided by business research.Firms develop proprietary methodologies and are innovative in their combination of methodologies. There is access to research data and findings throughout the organization. Research May Not Be Necessary Business research is only valuable when it helps management make better decisions. A study may be interesting, but if it does not help improve decision-making, its use should be questioned. Research could be appropriate for some problems, but insufficient resources may limit usefulness. Information Value Chain Computers and telecommunications lowered the costs of data collection. Data management is now possible and necessary given the quantity of raw data. †¢Models reflect the behavior of individuals, households, and industries. †¢A DSS integrates data management techniques, models, and analytical tools to support decision making. †¢Data must be more than timely and standardized; it must be meaningful. These are all characteristics of the information value chain. Characteristics of Good Research Clearly defined purpose, detailed research process, thoroughly planned design, high ethical standards, limitations addressed, adequate analysis, unambiguous presentation, conclusions justified, credentialsHow the Research Industry Works Some Organizations Use Internal Research Sources; Internal researchers are â€Å"in-house. † Some Organizations Use External Research Sources; External research suppliers can be further classified into business research firms, communication agencies, consultants, and trade associations. Business Research Firms Business research firms may be full-service or specialty-based. †¢Full-service firms conduct all phases of research from planning to insight development. They may offer custom projects tailored to a client’s needs and/or proprietary work. Proprietary methodologies are prog rams or techniques that are owned by a single firm. †¢Specialty firms establish expertise in one or a few research methodologies. They represent the largest number of research firms and tend to dominate the small research firms operated by a single research firm or a very small staff. †¢Syndicated data providers track the change of one or more measures over time, usually in a given industry. †¢Some research firms offer omnibus studies that combine one or a few questions from several business decision makers who need information from the same population.CHAPTER 2 – ETHICS IN BUSINESS RESEARCH Ethical Treatment of Participants Research must be designed so that a participant does not suffer physical harm, discomfort, pain, embarrassment, or loss of privacy. This slide lists the three guidelines researchers should follow to protect participants. When discussing benefits, the researcher should be careful not to overstate or understate the benefits. Informed consent means that the participant has given full consent to participation after receiving full disclosure of the procedures of the proposed study.Characteristics of Informed Consent Since 1966, all projects with federal funding are required to be reviewed by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). An IRB evaluates the risks and benefits of proposed research. The review requirement may be more relaxed for projects that are unlikely to be risky – such as marketing research projects. Many institutions require that all research – whether funded or unfunded by the federal government – be reviewed by a local IRB. The IRBs concentrate on two areas. First is the guarantee of obtaining complete, informed consent from participants.The second is the risk assessment and benefit analysis review. Complete informed consent has four characteristics and these are named in the slide. 1. The participant must be competent to give consent. 2. Consent must be voluntary, and free from coercion. 3. Participants must be adequately informed to make a decision. 4. Participants should know the possible risks or outcomes associated with the research. Ethical Responsibilities Special consideration is necessary when researching the behavior and attitudes of children.Besides providing informed consent, parents are often interviewed during the selection process to ensure that the child is mature enough and has the verbal and physical capabilities necessary. Deception Disguising non-research activities. Camouflaging true research objectives. Debriefing Explain any deception, Describe purpose, Share results, Provide follow-up. In situations where participants are intentionally or accidentally deceived, they should be debriefed once the research is complete. Debriefing describes the goals of the research, as well as the truth and reasons for any deception.Results are shared after the study is complete. Participants who require any medical or psychological follow-up attention will rece ive it during the debriefing process. Right to Privacy Right to refuse, prior permission to interview, limit time required. Data Mining Ethics The convenience of collecting data online has created new ethical issues. Data mining offers infinite possibilities for research abuse. The primary ethical data mining issues in cyberspace are privacy-related including consent to information collection and control of information dissemination.Legitimate data miners publicly post their information security policies. The EU countries have passed the European Commission’s data protection directive. Under the directive, commissioners can prosecute companies and block Web sites that fail to live up to its strict privacy standards. Confidentiality Sponsor nondisclosure, purpose nondisclosure, findings nondisclosure Ethics And The Sponsor Occasionally, researchers may be asked by sponsors to participate in unethical behavior. What can the researcher do to remain ethical? There are four sugges tions provided in the slide.The researcher can attempt to 1. ducate the sponsor to the purpose of the research, 2. explain the researcher’s role as a fact-finder, 3. explain how distorting the truth or breaking faith will lead to future problems, and 4. if the others fail, terminate the relationship. Effective Codes of Ethics Many organizations have codes of ethics. A code of ethics is an organization’s codified set of norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about research behavior. Effective codes are those that 1) are regulative, 2) protect the public interest and the interests of the profession served by the code, 3) are behavior-specific, and 4) are enforceable.

Well Schooled in Murder

Describe the traditions of Bredgar Chambers as outlined in the text: Well-schooled in Murder. Bredgar Chambers is a school where discipline is on high priority. It is a boarding school where the students live. They have something like a dress code; they have to be dressed like rich people as the text says: â€Å"they were nice-looking boys, nearly dressed in grey trousers, crisp white shirts, and a yellow pullovers and yellow stripped ties. † That means that all students have to wear the same clothes, so they look no different from each other. The boys at Bredgar Chambers have their own traditions. They often go out into the woods to hunt for magic mushrooms. They just pick them up, but never eat them. They also go to the bell tower, which is supposed to be locked, and carve their names on the wall inside. Some of the boys also have a smoke there. These are some of the traditions that the boys at Bredgar Chambers have together. How do we know that the text is a crime story? The text is a crime story because there is a mystery, a murder and a clear up. The mystery is where Matthew went. No one knows where he was going and that was a huge mystery. There is also a murder. The story tells that Matthew is maybe dead, but no one knows it. The investigation in the story is where Lynley investigate the missing of Matthew. What do you think has happened to Matthew Whateley? Matthew Whateley was not happy to stay at Bredgar Chambers, and his parents were not listening to him, they just said to him;†You have to stay at this school if you want an education. † This was not Matthew? s plan; he did not want to stay at the boarding school no more, so he decided to escape. After his escape from the boarding school, he went into the woods and hid. He wanted to send a signal to his parents, that he was seriously about not staying at the boarding school any longer. His plan was to stay in the woods a few days until the teachers, his parents or the police would find him. After the first day it seemed that no one was looking for him. Matthew was upset; he was thinking that maybe no one could like him anymore. Why were his parents not looking for him? He was frustrated, but also stubborn. He would not give up. He wanted to send a signal to them in order to make them understand that he didn? t like the school. But that night it was very cold, and Matthew did not have anything to keep him warm. He tried to sleep, but it was so cold. He would not go back. He decided to stay. After some time he fell asleep. The next day the police found him laying under a tree frozen to death. Matthew? s parents were very upset and they should have listened to their son. They were not aware of the situation. He hated the school and the way things were there. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of getting one’s education at a public boarding school. Getting an education at a public boarding school has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are that the students live together and they can always help each other. A boarder school is almost the same as continuation school. You live with your teachers and you are getting to know them better than if you fx. went to a normal state school. You do not just get to know the teachers for teaching you, but you also get to know them outside the classrooms and you often become friends with them. An education at a boarding school is also good for many people because they often become more mature and grown-up during the stay. The disadvantages are that many students have trouble being around many people all the time. You can also have a problem with relaxing while studying, because there are almost always people around you. If you get problems while being at a boarding school you do not have your parents around you to talk with, only friends and teachers, and it is not the same as if you were talking with your parents. I myself like the idea of a boarding school where you are not so dependent on your parents, but more on your own, but still have a lot of friends around you almost all the time. Discuss why Denmark doesn’t have the same number of public boarding schools as Great Britain. What are the pros and cons? The reason why we do not have the same number of public boarding schools in Denmark is because in Denmark we have many continuation schools. A continuation school is almost the same as a boarding school. If you go to a boarding school you have a lot of rules, you have to wear special clothes so all students are exactly alike. When I think of a boarding school I think it is a school where all the boys are dressed with suits and the girls with skirts, and they call their teachers sir and madam. At a continuation school there are also many rules, but not as many and as strict as at a Boarding school. That fits more to the Danish way of living. A little more freedom and participation in decision-making, that’s what most Danish people like, but also rules to follow. At a continuation school you have a room with your roommates and you go to school like you normally do, and when your school day is finished, you can almost do whatever you like to do. You are more free to do what you want to do.

Images of Beauty Essay

Beauty is among all of us, both women and men yet women and men are looked upon differently, causing a negative impact on themselves and society, targeting the young generations that can be very harmful to them emotionally and psychically. In the images of beauty, when men and women are promoted in magazines, movies, billboards and many other different kinds of medians, we all see those images differently depending how we want ourselves to be as. The media played a powerful role in our society influencing and using the models attractiveness and body image to catch the people’s attention. In doing that, media had successfully bombarded the young children’s minds with images of skinny and muscular models that lead to negative consequences such as body dissatisfaction, emotional feelings and sexual relations. Body dissatisfaction is a huge issue among adolescent men and women that can cause severe health problems by starving themselves and allowing them to do things that will harm their body such as taking drugs or getting a plastic surgery. If someone has a poor body image, he or she would most likely try to do anything or any method to change the looks of its body, even if it means restricting food or taking potentially harmful substances. For a woman, they will think that their body is too heavy and as for men, their thoughts are divided into two parts: overweight and underweight. For example, what is actually considered an ideal body for a man is when they have a low body fat, lots of muscles, narrow waist, large shoulders, and body with a V-shaped torso. When another man sees this kind of image, they will say that this is the kind of body they want to have. This kind of negative influence can encourage, especially the young teenagers and adults to starve themselves, take diet pills and by doing that it can cause anorexia, a type of eating disorder or many other types of health problems. For example, when a children look at the models they might think that the only way to look like them is to go on a diet. Although I may have to agree that it is the easy way to become thin, but knowing that it can cause many harms to the body itself. Even though exercise is much harder and takes longer to practices, but it provides many varieties of benefits. Diet pills is also another fast and easy way to manage their weight; however, diet pills also contain diuretics or stimulants, which can cause sleeping problems, seizures, high blood pressure and more.In addition, when men and women are dissatisfied with their body and starts doing all sorts of stuff that causes health problems, they then starts to feel depressed and have low self-esteem. An unhealthy body may increase the changes in an individual’s behavior and attitude. This can also allow them to experience in the state of anger and anxiety due to the fact that they are not satisfied with size and shape of their body. Furthermore, the young teens regarding the entertainment media as the number one source of information about sexuality and sexual health, allowing easy access for children at a young age to be engage into sexual relations. Being open about sex and how they talk to their girlfriends or boyfriends, it is largely because of what they see, hear and learn.

Case Study, Mall of Americas

IntroductionThe purpose of this paper is to present the marketing success, retail & consumer trends, expansion and future marketing plan for â€Å"Mall of America: Shopping and a Whole Lot More. For over 20 years Mall of America has been able to attract over 40 million annual vistors driving by both local patrons and tourism. I will discuss my view on what I would like to see at Mall of America’s expansion facility and how that compares to the current facility. In addition to the selection of what vendors will occupy the space, but a marketing plan to appeal to new consumers to increase the number of annual visitors to Mall of America.Paragraph 1The Mall of America has been successful at marketing and maintaining a product that most did not expect to succeed, this is due to the fact that they have something for everyone in their retail and family entertainment complex and is viewed as more than a mall, Mall of America is a destination. Regardless of the weather conditions, yo u can always come to Mall of America and ride a roller coaster and enjoy all the features of the mall. The selection of the anchor stores and specialty stores appeals to different economic levels. In addition to the retail selection, there are activities for the entire family that include movies, a theme park and an aquarium.Paragraph 2Since the opeing of the Mall of America in 1992, consumers have seen large discount retailers that have been able to provide name brand products at a discounted rate. The consumer is always looking for a deal, especially during the time when the economy is slow. Consumers are less likely to go to a mall and spend when they can go to one store and purchase the necessary items at a discount. As we see a recovery in the economy, Mall of America needs to keep in mind that a majority of the consumers are not willing to go back to paying full price for their items and should consider the mix of high end specialy stores to those that are more economical.Para graph 3Mall of of America should use the following criteria to add new facilities to its complex; will this bring new consumers to the mall, will the reason for the visit encourage the consumer to stay an extended period of time at the facility and will the interest be enough for the consumer to return to the facility. Once you have the consumer at the mall, it is not enough to have them fulfill what they are there for, but to entice the consumer to want more. Example would be to add a small concert venue that would bring in concert goers for dinner, the concert and possible hotel stay.Paragraph 4Mall of America managers should continue to market as a destination. When you market as a destination this relates to the local consumer and those visiting from outside the area. If hotels are added, marketing can offer vacation packages to include hotel stay, theme park tickets, movie tickets and aquarium tickets at discounted rates. In addition, the vacation package could include a 10% di scount to all retailers in the mall for a specified period of time. Vacationers like to plan their vacation at a discounted rate, but also prefer to handle all the planning in one location and not have to contact several companies to plan a vacation. If Mall of America adds facilities that is similar to an all inclusive vacation package, they will continue to build on their success.ConclusionMall of America has been very successful launching and maintaining a concept that most people did not expect to succeed. The success has been driven by offering their vistors a retail and family entertainment complex that is viewed as more than a mall, Mall of America is a destination. During the expansion, Mall of America will need to determine which facilities will increase the number of annual visitors up from 40 million. Changing this destination from a one day visit to a multiple day vacation site.

The ways in which community education fits into the holistic concept Research Paper

The ways in which community education fits into the holistic concept of lifelong learning - Research Paper Example , community education is gaining strength and people are getting more towards community education where people, specially adults and old age people learn simultaneously while they work for their community.(Smith and Gruenewald, 2007). The process of learning is a lifelong process and it ends with life. Every day, there is something new to learn but it all depends on a person whether he’s flexible enough to absorb changes or update his/her skills in this challenging world. In this era, people have changed their mindsets of completing sixteen years of education and lead the rest of their life earning and evaluating situations. In fact, people have now become aware of the fact that learning is a never ending process and it has to be done on community or social level to get positive results from a nation (Smith and Sobel, 2010). My thesis revolves around the awareness that have brought people to work together as a nation and adults should practice more to adopt changes of the growing world. Further, in this paper it is supported that academic education is a must, but community education with practical demonstrations work as threshold until perfected. For example, previous generations were never taught to contr ibute voluntarily for a society or plant trees to stop global warming. There was no concept of thinking on global issues. The preaching was all about a family. However, now issues are regarded as global issues and communities and societies have to come up together to work for the betterment of the global village. There are ways in which community education fits best into the holistic concept of lifelong learning. Community education is an integrated form of education based on informal process of learning things or experiencing things practically. There are no examinations and no bounding for aged group to learn by participating for different social issues. An example tells an idea for instance â€Å"say no to plastic bag†, the whole community will go to work

International relations - contemporary global security Essay

International relations - contemporary global security - Essay Example Social constructivism may be a helpful tool in studying international relations. The discussion will be based on the thesis developed by Alexander Wendt: â€Å"Anarchy s what the state makes of it†. International relation theory is basically material. Social constructivism brings in a social ‘zest’ to theory of international relation. This research paper considers social constructivism as a perfect alternative for neorealist theory widely applied for international relations. Materialist theory analyzes behavior of states on the basis of material assets distribution. A balanced relation between states is usually measured by distribution of material power. It is relevant to note, that â€Å"social constructivists reject this narrow approach to analysis of the states’ power† (Social constructivism). From the perspective of social constructivism, a social aspect of international relations is of crucial importance. This point of view can be explained as f ollows: politics and society is developed under the influence of human consciousness (Social constructivism). Moreover, international system doesn’t exist separately. There are a lot of external and internal factors influencing on the global system development. Therefore, making analysis of global relations basing on a material basis is a narrow approach and there is a need to apply another theory that is more complex and socially-oriented. Anthropocentric context of the modern world’s development coincides with the ideas of Wendt, whose claim is discussed further on. Basic claims of social constructivism and neorealism applied for international relations The international society exists among people and thus is influenced by people’s ideas and not just by material assets. The system represents the result of human mental activity. As it is explained, the international system is â€Å"a set of ideas, a body of thought, a system of norms, which has been arranged by certain people at a particular time and place, a human invention or creation not of a physical or material kind but of a purely intellectual and ideational kind† (Social constructivism). In this paradigm, a claim made by Alexander Wendt â€Å"anarchy is what states make of it† (1992) may be interpreted in a different manner: for example, the system stability is questioned for sure. A constructivist theory of international relations should be considered in detail. For example, the main claim of constructivists is that it is possible to observe a correlation between neorealist uncertainty and materialist nature of the theory. Thus, in accordance with the social constructivism, it is better to focus on thoughts and ideas to realize the core essence of theory about anarchy and power balancing (Wendt, 1992). The difference between neorealism and constructivism can be seen in the following explanation of anarchy from these two different perspectives: thus constructivists c laim that structures (i.e., factors and regulations which direct social actions) can’t give explanation to the actors’ mechanical activities and neorealists state that â€Å"the structure of anarchy is oppressing for the state actors† (Fierke at al, 2001). Thus, we can see that both theories are focused on discussion about interrelation between actors and structures (Booth, 2005). Structures are actors’ constraints, but constructivists claim that structures can act in such a way that structures would be transformed in new directions. Therefore, there is a need to refer to ‘structuration’ which provides with a more flexible vision of structure and actors interrelation (Wendt, 1992). If to apply structural constructivism to international relation theory it will be clearly seen that anarchy should be considered in a less rigid manner. Power and interests of the state are not material factors, but rather are ‘objective entities’ (Wen dt, 1992). Moreover, Wendt claims that anarchy doesn’t lead to self-help. The interaction between states is a decisive factor of the

Reflective Paper (BUS 303) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reflective Paper (BUS 303) - Essay Example The work of HRM is therefore, to oversee that employees have the resources and determination to work towards the organizational goals. HRM deals with a wide range of interrelated activities but they are all geared towards creating performance through people. It is important to understand how the various aspects of HRM work together to assist employees in achieving organizational goals, clarify new areas of human resource, and understand future implications of HRM in a specific company (Randhawa, 2007). In the continually changing area of business, through competition, product changes and increased globalization, it is necessary for organizations to realize ways to achieve a competitive edge. According to (Melkonyan, 2013), the human resource (HR) of an organization is crucial in assisting employees grow and develop their skills. Employees are the most important aspect of a business with the potential to enable a business achieve, competitive edge over the others. The HRM is necessary in ensuring that Equal Employment Opportunities (EEO) laws are followed to eliminate discrimination in employment. The HR within the organization has the mandate to ensure that jobs are advertised with required job description and expectations so that people apply for the position. HRM then influences organizational performance by ensuring that qualified, skilled, educated and talented staff members join the company. When employees with the necessary skills are recruited it is evident that the organization gets to enhance its performance in a bid to accomplish the organizational goals and objectives. For instance, Lufthansa Company has a vigorous employee selection process that involves sending a resume, taking an online test, a telephone interview, and then an oral interview. The candidate also has to undergo analytical thinking, vocabulary, arithmetic, and behavior specific tests depending on job position. In this regard, a thorough selection process ensures that an all-round can didate is chosen for the job (Randhawa, 2007). Human Resource Development (HRD) is another important aspect of HRM functions to nurture employees in their various areas of work. This is a strategy that involves offering employees’ enhanced training and development programs that enhance their level of work. The whole idea is to invest in training and workforce growth to generate beneficial results. For instance, the field of technology is constantly changing and therefore, employee need to be brought up to date with current technological advancements as a way of giving the organization a competitive edge. HRD is a concept that ensures employees get opportunities in areas of training, mentorship, career growth, performance management, succession preparation, coaching, and overall organization development (Youssef, 2012). The HRM also encourages employees’ performance through effective compensation and rewards programs. For instance, when there are changes to pay and prom otion in the workplace, employees are motivated to enhance their responsibilities to be considered for such incentives. It is important for incentives and compensation to be offered equally and with fairness because discrimination can easily reduce employee morale. The other important aspect of HRM is recognizing efforts among employees and rewarding them for their work. Employees not only require good salary and rewards,

Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Media - Essay Example ty and wearable technology has had profound implications on communication, interpersonal interactions, security and privacy and healthcare services provisions. One of the key significance of the mobility and wearable technology has been the facilitation of communication and interpersonal interaction (Ling, 2008).The extent of interpersonal interaction and communication is no-longer dependent on the physical proximity between parties. Wearable and mobile technologies have led to real time flow of information and data through the internet and social platforms such as face books. Subsequently, this phenomenon has transformed information technology into the most vital resources of our time. Socially, mobile technologies have further accelerated the globalization of the entire universe. Information can be shared by everyone on the globe through the internet. Furthermore, the social context of the wearable and mobile technology has been extended to nontraditional spheres of information technology such as provisions of healthcare services especially in the management of chronic disease such as mHealth services. Wearable technologies have proved e ffective in the management of diabetes through transmission of alerts and medical feedback to doctors. Similarly, users of wearable of technologies have been primarily driven by digital devices empowering abilities. By wearing them, users are frequently encouraged to check their fitness status, interact more with friends and strangers and triggering of social changes. Culturally, the mobile and wearable technologies have had significant impact on users’ lifestyles trends. Foremost, wearable technologies such a Google Glass has been inherently integrated into dressing fashion of its users through their design into cloths and accessories. Also, mobile device and smart phones have become a necessity even for communities in the developing world with the invention of Mpesa for mobile money transfer in Kenya. Interactive

Discussion question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Discussion question - Essay Example This part of information security is recognized as computer security where professionals try to secure computers from being manipulated in order to obtain ensure that the information that is secured on these computers remain safe (Smith, 2000, p.101). Therefore, the security of computers is a part of the information security and these two terms should not be used interchangeably although they are commonly used to refer to each other. In case of information security, the professionals aim at securing the information of an individual as well as an organization and they do so by securing all the places where information is stored and used. In the case of computer security, professionals try to secure various parts of a particular computer as on these parts the information of individuals and organizations is secured. These parts may include: hard drive, website, USB and CD ROMs. While securing information as well as computers, the professionals try to figure out vulnerabilities in the co mputer system and then they try to cover these gaps to make sure information is not

Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 14

Economic - Essay Example In times preceding the period of Renaissance, regions in the European continent were divided in forms of principalities. The Pope of the church was considered to be the representative of God and King of a principality was considered to be the representative of Pope. Common men in the principalities did not have the freedom to undertake decisions regarding any facets of livelihood. After this era of brutality and cruelty on mankind, Europe faced the age of â€Å"rebirth† or Renaissance. Following that, Europe experienced a socialistic economic system for a long period of time. However, from the theory of Karl Marx, it can be stated that towards end of the 18th century, economy of Western Europe had experienced a capitalistic form of market system. The capitalist class in the economy were the merchants, who owned land as well as newly invented and superior state of technology (Hoffman, 2000). The labour resource, at that point of time, was almost utilized a non-living materialis tic resource. The population of the nations of Western Europe were significantly increasing. The economies were subjected to product and food crisis. Land owning farmers started to sell off their lands for establishing new factories. Crisis and scarcity forced economies to become more productive in nature. So, in order to become more productive, economies undertook the process of industrialization in Western Europe in early 19th century. Colonial rule became a common method of territory expansion for these Western European nations as economies required adequate raw agricultural inputs from its conquered colonies, for sustaining the demand for its new industrial sector. Industrialization had initially taken place in the economy of Japan in Asia, in the second-half of 19th century. However, in the latter half of 20th century, industrialization was experienced in other major economies of the Asian Continent, like, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan

Toyota Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Toyota Case Study - Essay Example Toyota Auris – The Auris represents the second model of energy saving vehicle to be introduced to the UK market by Toyota. Like its predecessor, the Toyota Prius the car makes use of hybrid engine technology to deliver a vehicle with low running costs and other financial benefits such as low tax duties. However, the marketing mix and target audience for the Auris model are slightly different to that of the Prius. Where the Toyota Prius clearly targeted the practical family market, the Auris is a smaller vehicle and targets the compact car market. Despite the fact that the car is a smaller offering than the Toyota Prius, the vehicle is still aimed at the premium end of the segment with models still costing in excess of ?20,000 at the entry level. Like Prius the car targets those who are either environmentally conscious or who are looking for long term low cost motoring. One of the key selling features of the model is the low fuel consumption with a reported MPG of 74.3. When bo th of Toyota’s offerings in the energy saving vehicle market within the UK are considered, the message may ultimately be seen as a similar one. Both cars target those who are environmentally conscious or who are looking for low cost motoring in the long term. However, high initial costs and premium based pricing strategy (Brassington and Pettitt, 2006) ensure that Toyota has maintained its reputation as a supplier of high value premium cars in the UK market. The following tools give a situation analysis with regards to the external environment which may affect the performance of Toyota’s energy saving vehicles in the UK. PESTLE Analysis Political On the whole political changes have been... This essay stresses that despite Toyota’s premium based pricing strategy, the researcher considers that economic performance is likely to worsen in the coming years which may see a greater level of growth in the budget sector. As such, it is recommended that Toyota in the coming years adapt its pricing strategy to one based around a cost leadership model in relation to the environmentally friendly car sector. Here the company should take advantage of the falling costs of technology in its existing models to assist the development of a budget range of cars using exiting hybrid technology. This may give Toyota a significant cost based advantage in comparison to other companies who are still in the expensive R&D stage of the development of energy saving vehicles. This paper makes a conclusion that one of the major advantages seen in the marketing of the Toyota Prius has been the high level of association between the product and role models within society such as Hollywood celebrities. However, as yet Toyota has yet to make official use of such marketing techniques. As such, one recommendation of the report is that Toyota should adapt the promotional element of the marketing mix to make use of celebrity endorsements and other associations which may help to lift sales of both existing and new models. Here the researcher recommends that such changes to the promotional element of the marketing mix should be linked to a web marketing strategy including the use of viral methods and online social networks.

Based on DQ1 Potential Problems and Based on DQ2 Six Steps Assignment

Based on DQ1 Potential Problems and Based on DQ2 Six Steps - Assignment Example â€Å"Feedback is an essential part of learning† (Seun, 2010). b) Implementing all changes at once is not a wise move. If a program is not working the managers must find ways to make changes, but these changes can not occur all at once because this can lead to information overload for the employees. A timetable must be created to slowly implement the changes to the total rewards program. c) It is true that during the design process of the total rewards a lot of groups should be involved such as human resources, executives, finance, employees, board of directors, and customers, but the actual implementation should involve a limited number of people. A way to involve different stakeholder groups, but limiting the number of people is by creating a committee. For a committee to be effective it must have well run meetings (Ala). d) A thorough analysis of the total reward program is needed to ensure the program is viable during both good and bad times. A good strategy to ensure the success of the program during bad economic times is to create an emergency fund that covers at least six months of the total cost of the program. A way to eliminate bias from the process is by hiring a consulting firm to evaluate the program. e) â€Å"Good communication skills are an indispensable asset without which the goals -- be it in any field -- may not be realized† (Buzzle, 2013). Firms must communicate well to their employees the different aspects of the total rewards program. Communication must be made both in verbal and written form. I completely agree that consistent communication is imperative towards the success of an enterprise. Creating a policy regarding proper communication in the workplace can help open the lines of communication between the workers and the managerial staff. At my place of work communication among the employees is good. Some of the techniques that my company uses to maintain good

Offenders Rights CJ202 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Offenders Rights CJ202 - Research Paper Example On the other hand, offenders are given free legal counsel in law courts than victims of crime (Gilmore, 2011). The eventuality of being an offender should not exonerate anyone from being dehumanized. For these reason, legislative directives have been established through various policies to ensure offenders enjoy certain rights even as they serve their respective jail terms or court directives. The main purpose of the establishment of the policy is to ensure that offenders get relevant protections which include provision of basic needs and services. Among the needs that offenders have got the rights to be provided with include shelter, food, medical care, spirituality and general personal cleanliness. Various legislations and policies that have been put in place to carter for offenders include; the offenders being given religious freedom, ethnic and cultural practice.Secondly, offenders have also been given the right to enjoy some degree of controlled privacy. Offenders have also been bestowed rights of participance in case plans and offenders treatment. They can access guidance services and, supervision and support.Moreover, it is a stipulated rights of offenders to enjoy an atmosphere free from inhuman treatment, abuse, negligence and general harassment (Parekh, 1999). Offenders are also allowed to access adequate medical services. This means that the fact that one is an offender should not prevent him or her from accessing medical care when sick. Offenders should also be on a regular basis provided with food that considers nutritional contents just like any non offenders. The relatives and friends of the offender should not be barred from visitation. Though offenders, the should be provided with a clean environment and secure surroundings that do not in any way pose any security lapses to them(Gilmore,2011). Rights to learn and

Research Article Critique for Lesson 5 ME Essay

Research Article Critique for Lesson 5 ME - Essay Example A personal research review model (Appendix A: rubric) was created to provide a linear process discussion of the relevant questions. The burning PICOT question for this paper and subsequent research is: â€Å"In elderly people (P=70+), how are cognitive skills measured in dementia and potential Alzheimer’s disease (I=Issue), as compared to younger adults (C), affect the lifestyle of those diagnosed (O), and how long before a diagnosed patient is no longer legally or medically functional (T)?† (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt 2011). Funding for this research was provided by Neurosciences Victoria, Austin Hospital Medical Research Foundation, and the Commonwealth Government of Australia Department of Health and Ageing, with unrestricted educational research grants. Funding was also provided by the Commonwealth Government of Australia to publish under Open Access (Pike et al., 2007). The main reason for conducting this research study (Pike et al., 2007) was to find common bio-indicators in a currently healthy aging senior which provides a predication for eventually moving into dementia and/or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ÃŽ ²-amyloid (AÃŽ ²) presentation is commonly found in those diagnosed with AD, yet it can also occur in normal healthy aging adults as well without affecting the person in any manner. The 11C-PIB-PET brain scan was used in the study to provide a qualitative marking process with three groups: the healthy ageing (HA) adults, the mild cognitive impaired (MCI) adults, and those diagnosed with AD (Pike et al., 2007). Many of the previous research studies have only used formally diagnosed patients with dementia or AD. PIB stands for Pittsburgh Compound B, which is a benzothiazole derivative that will bind to AÃŽ ² and is seen during the positron emission tomography (PET) imaging process, also known as the 11C-PIB-PET brain scan (Pike et al., 2007; Kadir et al., 2011). While ageing

DB 4-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

DB 4-2 - Essay Example Among these small and big firms H&R Block is the largest firm filing over 21 million tax returns in the year of 2008. Next to them is Jackson-Hewitt filing approximately 3 million returns. The factor which is unavoidably making this industry lucrative is that practically each and every working household of U.S. has to file annual tax return. This helps to create a stable stream of revenue for these tax preparing firms. This industry is almost free from the effect of economic environment and it is a low capital investment business. Another factor which catalyzed the performance of the company named H&R Block was the Refund Anticipation Loans (RALs). These short-term loans enabled the tax-payers to get immediate cash which they used to repay during the time of tax refund. The interest calculated on the RAL is very steep, the annual interest rate ranges from 50-300% (Has The Tax Preparation Industry Lost its Luster?, 2010). A fair part of the interest paid by the tax-payers used to be e arnings of the company. It indirectly enabled the tax preparing firms to earn huge revenues. These two are the prime factors which helped these two companies to thrive. In U.S. tax preparing industry is drastically changing due to intrusion of technology. Software products namely, Intuit’s Turbo Tax were released in the U.S. market and it is creating a dent in the revenues of traditional tax preparing firms. It enables the users to prepare their tax by combination of e-filing option from the IRS. The electronic tax filing grown drastically and about 31 million returns were filed through this technology; it is 24% of the total volume of tax filers. The most important fact is that still H&R Block does not have e-filing option due to absence of tax filing software. This is affecting their revenues as most of their customers are filing their taxes by themselves through this e-filing process. This technology helped to decrease the perceived value of the

Public School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public School - Essay Example Mr. Bellamy, the magazine's circulation director, brought together those words to be recited by children in celebration of Columbus Day. The pledge was reprinted and sent out to schools across the country, and more than 12 million students joined in that year. Very shortly after that, Mr. Bellamy's composed words became an everyday service in the nation's classrooms. The words "my Flag" were replaced by the phrase "the Flag of the United States of America", in June 1923, at the National Flag Conference in Washington. In 1924 the oath's wording was changed slightly (the original "my flag" became "the flag of the United States of America"). Officially recognized by the government in 1942, the pledge became compulsory in some public schools, but the following year the Supreme Court ruled that recitation could not be required of any individual. It continues, however, to be mandatory or recommended in a majority of the states and is a daily fixture in most American classrooms. The final alteration to the pledge occurred in 1954 when, by a joint order of Congress, the words "under God" were inserted. The change is usually ascribed to a cold-war attempt at differentiating the United States from officially atheistic Communist countries. The addition caused little stir when it was enacted, but in 2002 opposition to it resulted in a federal appeals court ruling that the words are unconstitutional because they violate the First Amendment's prohibition against government endorsement of religion. An appeal of the controversial decision is pending. (W. Baer, 1992) Thesis Statement An allegiance to one's country eventually leads to active civic and political involvement and engagement. Body of the Essay Services, forms and customs of patriotism were first employed in the United States between the Civil War and World War I. At the end of the bloodiest civil war of the 19th century, the combatants left the battlefields for political, economic, and cultural arenas, where the struggle to make a nation continued with renewed intensity. In fact, many of the patriotic denotations and rituals that we now take for granted or think of as timeless were created during this period and emerged not from a harmonious, national consensus, but out of fiercely contested debates, even over the wording of the Pledge. Confronted by the dilemma that Americans are made, not born, educators and organizations, such as the Grand Army of the Republic, Women's Relief Corps, and Daughters of the American Republic, campaigned to transform schools, in George Balch's words, into a "mighty engine for the inculcation of patriotism." The point is not to downplay the value of civic knowledge or the promise of America's democratic commitments to equality and justice; rather, it is to help students use their love of country as a motivation to critically assess what is needed to make it better. Public Schools do not intend to turn students into critics of the United States, such that they do not portray any appreciation for its virtues. At the same time, these schools are not failing to assist the students in recognizing the role critique can play as a way to help make society better. An allegiance to one's country eventually leads to active involvement. This is also evident from the survey in a number of public schools.

Dq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dq - Essay Example r product differentiation) where the selling strategy is to distinguish their product from competing products or services on the basis of workmanship and design. In an oligopoly setting there a few sellers that sell a differentiated or standardized product where the decision of competitors affects the sale of a firm. Therefore, firms consider the strategies of competitors to determine its output and price (McConnell 2005 p.177). A start up company can expect profit when the business is able to cover the expenses including the start up costs. The sale of products should earn enough revenue to meet ongoing expenses associated with the operation of the business. A start up business entrepreneur must realize that a product sales amounting to $10,000 will not cover a monthly overhead expenses of $10,000 because the sales returns has a gross profit of only around $4000. A business reaches break even point when the sales revenue is equal to all business costs. The break even point can be calculated by identifying the fixed costs and variable costs. Fixed costs are expenses which do not change with changes in the volume of sales. For example, administrative salaries and rent remains the same and are expenses that must be met regularly irrespective of the volume of sales. These are usually known as overhead costs. Variable costs fluctuate with changes in the volume of sales. Variable expenses like shipping, purchasi ng inventory and manufacturing costs of a product has to be met for a start up company to make profit. Market structure and the distribution of income raise concerns about the formation of monopoly power where increased concentration of control moves into the hands of few monopolistic firms. Monopoly leads to decreased competition among firms and inefficient distribution of resources in the economy. Monopoly has an impact on the distribution of income. Research indicates that monopoly power reduces the income share of workers when compared to capitalists,

Ongkas Big Moka Essay Example for Free

Ongkas Big Moka Essay Ongka is a prominent leader of the tribe Kawelka in Highland Papua, New Guinea. This video is about his experiences giving a Moka (or gift) to someone for fame and stature. This video took place in a small tribe that uses pigs as currency for everything. You need pigs to get a wife, to have children, and also for investments. Ongka became a prominent leader there due to his huge ability to give away his pigs to other people. He did it not for monetary currency, but the ability of giving away things there are a sign of fame and is look at with great respect. This tribe does not use wealth or fashion (as we do in the U.S) to become famous and well known, whoever gives away the most is the celebrity of this tribe. Ongka had given away plenty in the past, but he wanted to give the biggest moka of all time. Ongka has five wives and nine children that help him take care of the pigs and birds before he gives them away during the big moka give away. The tribe holds special ceremonies to give away mokas to their neighboring tribes. The dress is formal though, feathers on their heads and leaves on their bodies as well as face paint on their faces. Also, females in this tribe are topless and it is actually common to not wear clothing. Ongka wore clothes throughout this whole video except during the ceremonies, I am guessing due to his stature in the tribe it was okay. Ongka manage to receive help from a few others in his tribe, by convincing them that when he gives the moka they would get some prestige as well. The plot arose when someone died in an enemy tribe, and they believe when someone dies in a certain weight range then he must have been murdered by sorcery. Ongka had to step in as the mediator and representative for his tribe, and give the tribe a pig and a special branch use for oath taking to convey his honesty that his tribe had nothing to do with the sorcery. While giving away his mokas, Ongka’s rival Rhyma announced that it was his group that killed the man from their enemy tribe. Rhyma did not really kill the man he just wanted to stir up drama on Ongka’s big day. The announcement cancelled the ceremony, and the enemy tribe tried to kill Rhyma, but could not find him. Ongka had to become the peacemaker and try to convince the enemy tribe not to go to war with their tribe. Two weeks later everything cool down, and Ongka was able to carry on with his ceremony. Ongka Big Moka is a great video describing the traditions and scenarios that an individual go through on a daily basis to obtain power. This really opened my mind to how similar our country is to theirs. My ethnocentric thoughts at the beginning of the movie when I saw how the way they dress completely changed at the end of the video. I realized that I should not judge any culture by my own social cultural standards. The people of this tribe seem like they are happy with their lifestyles. Our countries are very similar they might not use their wealth and celebrity to obtain power, but they use giving gifts to others to achieved power. Overall I would recommend this video to anyone who are really intrigue with other cultures and want to see Ongka humorous shirt.

Themes in Othello Essay Example for Free

Themes in Othello Essay What are the major themes we have encountered in William Shakespeares Othello, so far in the play? Excellent wretch; Peridition atch my soul But I do love thee: and when I love thee not, Chaos is come again. - Othello. There are many complex themes in Othello; it is a play full of very diverse characters. This contrast of characters gives the text its many themes and in turn, makes it a very interesting and compelling play. Love Whenever I think of this text and its themes, there is one that always stands out in my mind; love. Whether it is the marital love between Othello and Desdemona, or the unrequited love Roderigo has for Desdemona, it is something that heavily features throughout this play. Where we see love most often depicted, is the love between Desdemona and Othello, and the problems it causes. Carol Thomas Neely supports this idea that marital love is one of the main themes in the play, and that because of this the primary conflict is between men and women. Jealousy It is clear to see that the fire behind numerous conflicts in this text is jealousy. It is one of the primary reasons that Iago is so persistent in his destruction of Othello, and why Roderigo is so willing to help Iago in his scheming ploys. In my opinion, Iago displays the most jealous tendencies right from the start, stemming from the fact that Othello chose Cassio for the job of lieutenant, and not him. I know my price, I am worth no worse a place. It might also have something do to with Iago thinking that Othello has slept with his wife; Emilia. I hate the Moor And it is thought abroad that Itwixt my sheets Has done my office. I know not if it be true; Yet I, for mere suspicion in that kind, Will do as if for surety. D. R. Godfrey examines the portrayal of jealousy in Othello, and states that Iago exhibits an all encompassing jealousy and because of this Iago becomes the most completely villainous character in all literature. Racism What a full fortune does the thick lips owe if he can carryt thus. This is one of the many racist slurs Iago uses when referring to Othello throughout the play. Othello is black, so I was expecting racism to be a relatively prominent theme, due to the time that this is set in. However, thick lips is a stereotypical view of someone from black origin, yet Othello is shown to be a hero; honest and honourable, which would have been quite startling to the Elizabethan audience, considering that black people in plays were always portrayed as villains. It is clear to see that Shakespeare challenges racial stereotypes right the way through this piece, something that Ruth Cowhig supports. She says that Shakespeares depiction of Othello as a noble character was challenging stereotypes. The majority of racism spoken throughout this text undoubtedly comes from Iago. Whenever he is talking ill of Othello, he refers to him as The Moor. Ruth Cowhig also writes about racism being another of the primary reasons for Iagos hatred towards him. Manipulation Iago makes manipulation another of the prominent themes. He uses it constantly in a bid to get whatever he wants, as a means of belittling people and to put a smoke screen up so that no-one suspects he has ulterior motives. The language he uses helps him manipulate people to the full extent. He comes across as very loyal and honest, even though the reading audience knows he is scheming. I should be wise, for honestys a fool, and loses that it works for Here, he is saying that being honest is a bad thing, and that he will not be honest again. Of course he is referring to what he has been telling Othello about Cassio and Desdemona. He manipulates Roderigo on numerous occasions, but no- one does he manipulate as much as Othello. Iago picks and picks away at him until he is so insecure he contemplates awful deeds. The consequences of Iagos manipulation become abhorrent in Act Three, Scene Three. Avaunt, be gone: Thou has set me on the rack: I swear tis better to be much abused, than but to knowt a little. Othello comes across as a broken man, and its all down to Iagos manipulation and lies. Kenneth Muir believes that the reason Othello believes Iagos lies so easily, is because he is already insecure and allows himself to be influenced by him. The four themes I have chosen to write about; Love, Racism, Manipulation and Jealousy, in my opinion, best display the texts complexity. It is a piece full of characters that, at some point, will display at least one of these themes. Shakespeares use of these themes and how he applies them to each character has made Othello one of the greatest pieces of literature ever to appear in the literary world. I am not what I am. This extremely provocative quote by Othello sums up not only himself, but much of the play as well. No-body is completely as they appear, thus bringing up the question of what exactly is Iago? An avenging angel possibly, come to show people their true selves? Bibliography Othello: Jealousy. Shakespeare for Students. Ed. Marie Rose Napierkowski. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1998 Othello: Race. Shakespeare for Students. Ed. Marie Rose Napierkowski. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Mabillard, Amanda. Othello Analysis. Shakespeare Online. 19 Mar. 2000. Word Count- 988 words. Samantha Gibson Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Paper On Meno By Plato Learning Is Recollecting

Paper On Meno By Plato Learning Is Recollecting Meno is one of the Platonic dialogues, where Socrates and his student Meno talks about the recollection of knowledge (knowledge is learned from previous experience). The dialogue between Socrates and Meno starts when Meno asks What is virtue and can it be taught? Meno attempts to define virtue by saying that it is ruling over people justly and moderately. Socrates agrees that justice and moderation are a part of virtue but do not make up virtue as a whole. After trying to define virtue a lot of time, Meno eventually gives up saying that both my mind and my tongue are numb.(80b). Meno asks Socrates, How can you search for something when you dont know at all what the thing is?(80d). In such a situation how do you know even what to look for? Socrates continues by saying that there is also no way to search for something that you already know, since you already have that knowledge. Socrates reply becomes known as the theory of recollection. Knowledge is innate, and learning is recollection of facts once known but forgotten. . Socrates first explains the soul of man is immortal and has been born many times. So, we acquire knowledge before we are born. So, true knowledge lies in the soul and not in the body, because soul is immortal and it exists before a body is formed. This means that the soul (not body) has the ability to recollect information and knowledge from the past. The theory of recollection is the said to be the hidden knowledge from our past life. It can be used to explain logic, intuition, guesses and our ideas. For example, the intuition that something wrong will happen if someone comes or the logic that if x=1 and y=x+2 then y=3. Whenever we take decisions on matters of which we have no previous experience, we rely on our intuition, or our ability to guess. Is there any term that defines this sort of knowledge that we use? We cannot have learned it in our lifetime since we have had no experience of that action before. It is only reasonable to say that we recollect it. To illustrate it more carefully, when you put two books in front of an uneducated man he will still know that there are two books. When you add two more books next to them, he will understand that there are now four books. Furthermore, if you keep four pens to the side of those four books, he will still understand that the number of books and pens are equal. He may not be abl e to express this comprehensively, but he has the knowledge that the number of books has been doubled or the number of books and pens are equal. So can we say that the work of putting the books and pens in front of him makes him recollect that sort of knowledge? To prove his statement, Socrates asks a slave boy some questions about a topic on geometry which he is completely unaware of. Socrates presents this to Meno as strong evidence to prove that learning is a recollection: if the slave wasnt being taught, how did he come to know the relationship between the diagonal of a square and a square double the area? Socrates never gave him any new knowledge but through his line of questioning the slave boy recollected the answer. Therefore, Socrates believes the knowledge must already have been in him, which was recollected by the boy with the help of Socrates questions. But, I do not see how the question and answer with the slave boy supports his statement that Learning is recollecting. The slave boy knows what a square is. He also agrees to Socrates when Socrates says that a square is made up of four right angles and four equal sides. In addition to this we can see that he can perform simple calculations when he answers that 2 times 2 feet is 4. Therefore, we can see that the boy obviously had some previous knowledge on geometry. Socrates has guided slave boy towards the direction of the correct answer. When the slave boy is wrong, Socrates says that he is wrong and thus the slave boy starts all over again until he gets the correct answer. This shows that the slave boy has good intuition, logic or reasoning skills and through the proper questioning of Socrates, the slave boy is able to find out the correct answer. Socrates gives an answer within the question that he asks to the slave boy. His questions are like more of a statement. We can also see that the slave boy gave some wrong answers before giving the correct one. To illustrate it more carefully, if someone asks In which continent does Nepal lie if it is between India and China which are in Asia? Then the answer would obviously be Asia. Here, I was not given the answer straight forwardly but I analyzed the questions and gave the correct answer. Thus, I believe the slave boy has reasoned out the facts by the help of the facts that Socrates provided. Socrates says that he is not instructing but helps recollect by merely questioning the boy. But it seems like Socrates is in a way instructing the boy. In lines 82 c, Socrates asks the area of a square given the sides two feet but he immediately gives an extra hint that 2 times 1 is 1 which is an area if the sides are 2 and 1. So how can we say this is recollecting? Moreover, in 85a there is a line here from corner to corner, cutting the figure into two. And the boy is agreeing to whatever Socrates says because the boy already knows that a diagonal cuts the square from the corners. In 82c3-4, Socrates asks, Doesnt a square have lines through the middle equal? So in these passages, the slave boy has all his answers in Socrates question itself. Thus, the dialogue between the slave boy and Socrates is not a good example to say that the slave boy is recollecting which is based upon the boys prior knowledge. Some may also argue that a person is good at something while another person may be good at something else. Or some people learn some things quickly while others take a long time in learning the same thing. This may go again go back to the idea of recollection, where we can say if a person learn some thing quickly then, he/ she must have learnt it in his/ her past life. Thus, Socrates says that knowledge resides in our soul. So, there must be a time where the soul knew nothing and had to learn it at a point. How did the first men (soul + body) in the universe recollect the knowledge from the past? At that time, I believe the soul has not learned anything yet, but how did it recollect the unknown thing? To sum up, if a man doesnt learn new things but merely remembers knowledge from a previous life, then where did he get the knowledge in the previous life or the previous life before that? I believe that there are no explanations better than the theory of recollection when it comes regarding our ability to guess or use our logic or prior knowledge or intuition in the daily life. In conclusion, I would like to say that despite the attempts of Socrates to show that learning is recollection, I do not totally agree to his view or his supporting ideas. His logic and his explanations were not clear enough. To put it in a nutshell, there might be some things that can be recollected but I do not think that: knowledge is entirely recollection.

Planning for Demolition of Building

Planning for Demolition of Building Identify a derelict building and taking into account factors such as its previous use, condition, structural features and location, prepare a plan for the safe demolition of the building that identifies the preferred method of demolition and outlines suitable technical and procedural control measures. The objectives of this report are to identify a derelict building and plan its demolition. The planning has to take account of the specificities of the buildings structure, its previous use, the site, the neighbouring properties and other parameters. Control measures from a health and safety point of view have to be included. The building identified is a very old Victorian three-storey building that has not been used for many years. The methodology consists of analysing the existing structure and adjoining properties. A detailed description of the structure has been given and the demolition sequence has been chosen in accordance with the structure and in a way to cause minimal disruption to other properties and the general public. The actual demolition plan is given in the form of a list of tasks and a brief explanation for each task. The demolition process has been divided into critical phases. The control measures have been incorporated in the plan of the demolition but a health and safety risk assessment has been done that lists the possible hazards from such a work. 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Derelict Building 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Structures to be Demolished This three storey Victorian building is one of three buildings in the same compound that used to house an old hospital on the site.The other two are also not in use and there are plans to demolish them as well but at a later date. The Victorian building is a detached three storey building positioned centrally on the site with a shed used as boiler house on one side.Access is from the south side where the building is about 10 m from the road. The Boiler House is set to the north of the building but is detached from the main building. It consists of one tall stone building with attached oil and water tanks. There is a network of underground pipes between the boiler house and the Victorian buildings for the supply of hot water for domestic and heating purposes. As most Victorian buildings of that size, these buildings have certain characteristics that distinguish them from other buildings. The building construction is of masonry. The load bearing walls are made of two lines of brick with no gap in between. These external walls rise undisrupted to the roof. The roof consists of square timber rafters sitting on a timber ring beam on top of the walls. The rafters support a series if rectangular timber purlins that in turn support the slate tiles that form the roof. The edges are sealed by hammered lead foils. The internal floors are made up of timber joists supported by stone brackets off the brick walls. A grid of timber beams are supported off the joists and wooden planks are nailed to the top of the timber beams. The partition walls consist of plastered timber frames. The buildings also consist of basement that have been sealed several years ago but has not been filled. There is no insulation on the walls and roof and there is no air conditioning installed in the building. The only services are the hot and cold water pipes, drainage pipes and electric wiring. The water pipes date from the original construction and are of lead. The sanitary drainage pipes also date from original and consist of 5 cast iron pipes and fittings lined with bitumen. The electric wiring has been installed much later and has been fixed to the timber joists by means of nailed clips. The boiler house is a stone building with corrugated iron sheet roof. It contains a coal-fired boiler that is out of operation. The boiler is connected to the Victorian buildings via underground pipes to supply hot water. The Boiler House also contains a large number of pipe work and fittings as well as a coal pit. 1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adjacent Land Use The site is situated between two main roads on the South andEast sides and two B-class roads on the North and West sides. The site shares a boundary with a much newer construction used as NHS clinic which will remain in use during the demolition. The site is surrounded completely with 2.5 m tall masonry walls except on the south side. The south side is cordoned by wrought iron fencing. There is no wall between the parking lot of the clinic and the compound. 1.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ground Conditions Ground investigations were carried out on samples of the south of the site during the construction of some of the newer buildings. The investigation results are available from the council. Since no new construction is being undertaken in this project, ground information is deemed to be unnecessary. 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Description of Works 2.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Methodology 2.1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Survey Since the building has not been in use for a significant period of time, its exact state is not known even to the client. So the first thing to be done is a full structural survey of the building to assess the danger from hazardous material and to decide on the best method of carrying out the work. This will need to be done as early as the tender stage as the information from this survey will be essential for the rest of the work. Before the start of the demolition, a full scale demolition survey will need to be done. This should take account of the following(Holroyd, 1999): Adjoining properties The type of structure and the key elements in it. The condition of the elements. Any requirement for temporary works or staging during demolition. Are there any confined spaces. Are there hazards from asbestos, lead, contaminated land, etc? Is access and egress adequate? 2.1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Preferred Method The demolition can be carried in a number of ways but given the proximity of other properties such as the NHS block and main roads, the demolition should be carried out in a way as to minimise disruption to the neighbourhood and also to cause minimum noise level. The demolition should be planned to be carried out in a controlled manner from top to bottom, de-constructing the components in the reverse order of original construction. Demolition balls will be used only as the last resort and no explosive will be used. 2.1.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Method Statement A method statement needs to be prepared before the job starts and should cover (Holroyd, 1999): The sequence and method of demolition noting access/egress details. Pre-weakening details of the structure Personnel safety, including the general public Service removal/make safe Services to be provided Flammable problems Hazardous substances The use of transport and waste removal Identity of people with control responsibilities. 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Particulars of Work 3.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phase 1: Planning Before the demolition starts, careful planning is required to ensure smooth operations. It also allows problems to be identified at an early stage. The cost of remedial action at the planning stage is significantly less than that at the demolition stage. So, allocation of time and effort to careful and thorough planning is very important. 3.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phase 2: Site Preparation Once on site, the demolition cannot start immediately. There is a lot of work that needs to be done to make the demolition work possible.Several preventive measures and control measures have to be established right at the start. It is cheaper and better than to apply remedial action when things go wrong. The planning stage must have identified the areas that need attention and the control measures that are required. The processes involved in the actual demolition are site specific and site preparations must be done accordingly. Good site preparation also allows minimal disruption to the neighbourhood. 3.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phase 3: Demolition of Boiler House From the risk assessment, it is clear that the boiler house, although much smaller in size that the main building, represents a greater health hazard to the site workers as it contains asbestos, oil tanks, water tanks and a lot of pipe work. To reduce the exposure of the personnel to such risks, it has been decided to demolish and make safe the boiler house first before starting with the main building. 3.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phase 4: Demolition of Main Building The main building will be demolished manually as far as possible. In order to contain the noise and air pollution as much as possible, the external walls and roof will be maintained until the entire interior has been demolished. The internal partitions do not contribute to the structural strength and stability of the building and it is therefore safe to demolish them. The floors do provide some lateral stability to the walls and will not be removed until an alternative temporary support is not provided to the walls. 3.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phase 5: Site Reinstatement After the demolition is complete, the site has to be cleared of remaining debris and decommissioning of site offices and other facilities installed for the purpose of the site. The site offices and welfare facilities will be removed. The state of residual contamination has to be assessed and if any remedial action needs to be taken, it should be done. The landscaping should be re-established. Finally, the fencing and screens will be removed and the site handed-over. 3.6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other Elements The Principal Contractor should also be aware of the following: Traffic Management, an increased awareness is required for traffic control to and from the site from the South and East sides. The South side adjoins a particularly busy road with several shopping complexes further along the road. Unauthorised access to site from clinic block Unauthorised access from the main roads. 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Control Measures 4.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General Health Hazards 4.1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Operational Hazards Electric shock/burns Striking existing services Working at height Disconnecting of existing services Operating machinery, equipment, hand tools and mobile plant Hot works Manual handling Slip, trip, fall type injuries Dust / fumes Crush type injuries Contact with harmful substances Working in contaminated ground Working in confined spaces 4.1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hazardous Construction Materials Materials within the project with the potential to cause a hazard to health and safety: Aggregates Fuel oils Sand Glass fibre insulation Sewage Glass Wood treatment products Used drainage pipes Dust Cement Mastics Sealants Paints Floor Mastics / glues Asphalt Fumes 4.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CDM The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations came in effect in UK 31st March 1995. The main duties of the five key parties (CIRIA, 2001) are: The Client shall appoint a competent planning supervisor and principal contractor for each project The Designer should design structures to avoid, wherever possible, foreseeable risks to health and safety during construction, maintenance and cleaning work. Information should be provided on unavoidable risks. Design includes the preparation of specifications and not limited to calculations and drawings. The Planning Supervisor the organisation or person with overall responsibility for ensuring co-ordination of the health and safety aspects of the design and planning phase, the early stages of the health and safety plan and health and safety file. The Principal Contractor develops the construction-phase health and safety plan and manages and co-ordinates the activities of all contractors to ensure they comply with health and safety legislation. They have duties relating to the provision of information and training on health and safety for everyone on site and the coordination of employees views working on site. Contractors and the Self-Employed must co-operate with the principal contractor and other contractors and provide relevant information on the risks created by their work and how they will be controlled. 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  References Bibliography Site Safety Handbook, 3rd Edition,CIRIA, 2001 Brown, D. The Construction (Design and Management regulations 1994: Advice for Designers in Steel, Steel Construction Institute, 1997. Holroyd, Trevor M, Site Management for Engineers, Thomas Telford, 1999 CIRIA, Environmental Handbook for Building and Civil Engineering Projects: Construction Phase, Thomas Telford, 1998 Managing Demolition and Construction Wastes, Department of the Environment, 1994 Demolition of Special Structures, The concrete Society, 1984 Safety in Demolition Work, Health and Safety Executive, 1979

Philosophy of Freedom

Philosophy of Freedom What is freedom? Is it absolute right? If we ask this question to people around us, we will receive around a hundred different answers, because everyone will understand this phenomenon in his or her own way. Freedom can be defined starting from different aspects, according to different cultures, from different points of view and even from different beliefs. Everyone was born totally free and all of them must have the right to live freely. Based on some articles, we can see that out there people want to be free and independent from each other, but is this concept possible and acceptable by the society? Freedom is the right to do what we want, live where we want, eat what we want, learn what we want to learn, for example we choose what religion we want to believe, without caring about others judgments! Honestly, I am not sure if this in of right really exists because we were taught in a way where we are allowed to choose, but at the end someone will do that job (choosing) for us. So are we really free?! Are we following the definition of Freedom? In my opinion, freedom is an absence of pressure and enforcement from other people, where people is free to do what laws and social customs do not prohibit. We can hardly say that all societies are free in the same way. Personally, I believe that we, Human beings are God creatures. God is the one who made us and gave us the right to life. According to the Bible, God started to create the heavens and the earth, then the morning and the night where He allowed the existence of life, starting from birds to all the animals and till the end the creation of the Man, called Adam. Since Adam was so alone, God decided to give him a company, a partner. Based on all this, God made a society for Humans and with it, we were taught to obey and follow rules. Can we try to imagine what the world might turn into if every one of us could do whatever we wantedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ with no limitations and respect towards the rules and others? After all, how can we live freely? From my point of view, we can live freely by respecting others rights to live freely too, by taking other people rights into consideration. In other words, the main idea behind the word freedom is to be respectful and responsible to the society. Freedom is a very important thing to every human being because as we had encounter in the past decades a lot of debates have started debating about this topic. For example, I would like to talk about the freedom of speech. I think freedom of speech is the most important part when we try to see what the meaning behind freedom is. As we know, out there is a lot of people that are convicted because of their creative mind and even, some of them are buried just because the society cannot accept their way of expressing their feelings. In my research, someone said that freedom of expression will never result in hostility among people if they respect each others ideas. As I mentioned before, freedom is not an absolu te right, and there are too many limitation on it. First of all, the society right including national security which is very important, security is the most important thing in freedom. Our freedoms should never cause to threatening our national security. I have stated some of my opinions about freedom, now I would like to describe the word freedom by a definition. According to Wikipedia, freedom is innate to human and that he will fights as long as he lives to restore his innate right to be free man, I like this definition very much because I think it is true, our freedoms are settled by us, no one can set it! Since God gave us freedom for free, we must do our best to maintain and keep this right. I think the most humiliating ways to punish a human, is to deprive him or her from freedom, for example when someone goes to jail, that person is deprive from freedom and so he is suffering. Freedom is not absolute, it must be limited. We cannot just do what we like and say I am a free man!. We cannot kill, smuggle drugs or violate the laws and rules for freedom, they should be respected and I totally agree with this sentence the freedom of anyone ends where the freedom of another one begins!. For me, every youngster should be taught to be free, planting in them the love for freedom, but they might be supervised, it should not be without limits. Freedom in teens state is very important for building a good character and a stable personality. Teens want to hang around with friends, do whatever they like, or do not like, they want to experience everything. If they are given freedom with no limits, they may get lost, so parents should tell them what is right or wrong, so there is no limit or restriction. That is why parents guidance is really important for our existence. Only freedom with no guidance will lead to a bad actions and cause destruction in the society. Freedom is a state, a process of interaction of individuals and groups with the environment, when the society is changing or a person makes some changes so that there appear more opportunities of choice and realization of important purposes and values. The most important thing that we must care about is enjoying our freedom without harming our security. For conclusion, freedom is an innate right, something that humans are born with. Nothing in this planet can threaten our freedom, deprive us from our rights. As mention before, our right of freedom must never cause harm to any other human being, directly or indirectly. We must respect freedom as everyone in the world/society has it, if you want others to respect your freedom, firstly you must learn to respect them. And following this ways, we can enjoy and live our freedom through our life. Last but not the least, I want to quote a sentence that my teacher in high school used to say Quanto mais liberdade, mais responsabilidade., it means the more freedom you have, the more responsibilities you face. After all, this sentence is really reflective and I hope that that people out there have realize this little secret!

Accounts Settled: A Review :: essays research papers

Accounts Settled: A Review In the book, Accounts Settled, there is only one major character named Gordon. Gordon is seventeen, six feet tall, and has the beginning of a beard. The main setting is in a forest-filled valley that is a mile from Gordon's home. The story does not give a specific date but the most logical time this story takes place is in the winter during the early 1900s. The inciting incident in the story is when Gordon's dad came down with flu-pneumonia and Gordon must take his place in taking care of the trapline that he had set up in the forest. The conflict of the story is internal and external because Gordon had to face himself and nature. The rising action started when Gordon had a sense of fear as he went into the valley. The, the porcupine stole his food and Gordon was going to kill it but remembered an old woodsman tale that it's bad luck to ill a porcupine. Gordon then goes to bed, hungry and it took him awhile to fall asleep. He later wakes up to find a cougar ready to pounce on him. The cougar dose not strike yet because it is waiting for Gordon to move. Gordon knows better and stayed in the same position for what seemed like hours. Suddenly, the porcupine returns to look for more food and this disrupts the cougar. The climax is when Gordon quickly reaches for his gun and shoots the cougar. The resolution is when Gordon "cries the final tears of his boyhood" and he is finally a man. This writer used suspense in his story many times. For instance, "his eyes held the boy unwinkingly as he waited in the fiendish way of cats for the moment when the man must stir, or make an attempt to escape, the moment when his ingrained fear of man would be swallowed up by the rising tide of his blood- lust" and "moments passed, horrible heart-thudding moments, during which neither

drug essay :: essays research papers

Would I say no to drugs and alcohol if I were asked to try it? That is a question that I have been asked many times. What else can I say but absolutely! Why would I say yes to something that very slowly destroys your body? Frankly, I don’t know why anybody would actually want to try it if they know the consequences that they will end up with later in life. Everybody knows, you and I know it, that if they continue smoking for the rest of their life, it is just a matter of time until something really horrible rolls around the corner and ruins the rest of their life. Just think of all the great opportunities that would be waiting for them if they chose to live a healthy life. Have you ever seen those smoking commercials? For instance, the one with the old lady with the hole in her neck? Well, some people might think those commercials are just pointless and gross, but I have a different opinion. I think those commercials send a strong message to young kids just starting to experiment with booze and drugs. They can see the actual effects they have on people and maybe, just maybe, teenagers and other people who are just starting will think twice about making smoking a regular habit. Bad breath, premature wrinkles, yellow teeth, etc. are just some of the short-term effects that drugs will cast upon you. It’s almost like casting a spell on you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦magically they just appear. Some long-term effects of the poisons are much more severe and if you are lucky enough to receive them, you’ll sure wish you never started. Cancer, emphysema, and birth defects if you are pregnant, are just some of the horrible long-term effects that you will probably end up with in the latter parts of your life.